Active And Passive Sentence and comparative degree

GRAMMAR 2

A.   Active And Passive Sentence (Wednesday, 05-09-2012)

She reads a book (active)

The book is read by me (passive)

From that sentence we can conclude that:

ü  Subject ---------- object

ü  Object ----------- subject

ü  Verb always in the past participle (passive)

ü  Use of “by”

ü  No change of tenses

ü  Indefinitive in active can be definitive in passive

Another examples are:

I am reading a book (active)

The book is being read by me

            Kalimat diatas tidak mungkin menambahkan  -ing pada kata past participle sementara pada kalimat passive menggunakan past participle.

DEGREE OF COMPREHENSION

There are three kinds of degree of comprehension namely:

Ø  Positive degree :

Herman is as tall as you = Herman setinggi kamu

Ø  Comparative Degree

Herman is taller than you

If the base adjective consist more than one syllable it should be added by more before adjective in comparative.

Ø  Comparative of equality

As….as (for positive comparisons)  Herman as tall as you

Not so…. As (for negative comparison)  Herman is not so tall as you

Note : we may say not as….as, especially after a contracted from : her pronunciation isn’t as good as yours.

Ø  Comparative of inferiority

It is less cold today than it was yesterday.

Kelly is less old than Sandra.

Ø  Superlative of  inferiority

Sunday is the least cold of the week.

Ø  Superlative

Exception :

Just (more just than) (the most just)

Right (more right than) (the most right)

Real (more real than)   (the most real)

Shy  (shyer than)   (the shyest)

Gay   (gayer than)  (the gayest)

Ø  Irregular comparison

Bad (worse than, the worst)

Little (less than, the least)

Much (more than, the most)

Many (more than, the most)

Far (farther than, the farthest)

Far (further than, the furthest)

Old ( older than, the oldest)

Old ( elder than, the oldest)

Note : farther and farthest generally refer to distance. Further and furthest also refer to distance but they may have the meaning of “ additional” for example :

Ø  My village is farther than yours

Ø  Give me further explanation

-          Easier and easier

-          More and more easier

Ø  Parallel increase

The more I see you the more I want you

The hotter the better

The more he studies, the better he become

Every day you are getting worse and worse.